SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    16545, 16551, 16528, 15765, 16526, 16547, 
    15767, 16529, 16523, 15764, 16544, 
    16539, 16548, 16527, 16530, 16533, 
    16550, 16538, 16531, 16532, 16546, 
    16520, 16189, 16537, 15876, 16543, 
    15760, 16534, 15763, 16542, 16522, 
    16525, 15766, 16540, 16536, 16535, 
    16549, 16190, 16541, 16521, 16188, 
    16524, 3519, 3517, 3518, 3520, 13113
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 12 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00063

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "32.91"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 47,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 47,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 0) and (`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 12) and (`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (16545,16551,16528,15765,16526,16547,15767,16529,16523,15764,16544,16539,16548,16527,16530,16533,16550,16538,16531,16532,16546,16520,16189,16537,15876,16543,15760,16534,15763,16542,16522,16525,15766,16540,16536,16535,16549,16190,16541,16521,16188,16524,3519,3517,3518,3520,13113)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "28.21",
        "eval_cost": "4.70",
        "prefix_cost": "32.91",
        "data_read_per_join": "752"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}