SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    10933, 12728, 10947, 10937, 10939, 10941, 
    12734, 12733, 10946, 10931, 12738, 
    12736, 10953, 10949, 3383, 10944, 13063, 
    10938, 10951, 11639, 13224, 10950, 
    10952, 12739
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 12 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00126

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "16.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 24,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 24,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 0) and (`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 12) and (`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (10933,12728,10947,10937,10939,10941,12734,12733,10946,10931,12738,12736,10953,10949,3383,10944,13063,10938,10951,11639,13224,10950,10952,12739)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "14.41",
        "eval_cost": "2.40",
        "prefix_cost": "16.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "384"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}