SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    16150, 15902, 16716, 16813, 16812, 16849, 
    17017, 16845, 16932, 16888, 16889, 
    15798, 16861, 16862, 16943, 15835, 
    15836, 15839, 15834, 15837, 16881, 
    15844, 16929, 16938, 16937, 16152, 
    16153, 16947, 15912, 15913, 15797, 
    13030, 13029, 15832, 16801, 16798, 
    16800, 16946, 16827, 16826, 16871, 
    16858, 15845, 16345, 15910, 16941, 
    16940, 16939
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 12 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00055

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "33.61"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 48,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 48,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 0) and (`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 12) and (`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (16150,15902,16716,16813,16812,16849,17017,16845,16932,16888,16889,15798,16861,16862,16943,15835,15836,15839,15834,15837,16881,15844,16929,16938,16937,16152,16153,16947,15912,15913,15797,13030,13029,15832,16801,16798,16800,16946,16827,16826,16871,16858,15845,16345,15910,16941,16940,16939)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "28.81",
        "eval_cost": "4.80",
        "prefix_cost": "33.61",
        "data_read_per_join": "768"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}