SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    15098, 13182, 16680, 16559, 14050, 14053, 
    14056, 14058, 14060, 14061, 16728, 
    16560, 888, 16556, 16558, 16557, 14664, 
    16611, 16613, 16612, 16614, 16553, 
    16439, 17204, 14477, 17138, 16615, 
    16622, 16616, 16554
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 12 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00060

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "21.01"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "idx_storefront_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id",
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "9",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 30,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 30,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "((`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`storefront_id` = 0) and (`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`destination_id` = 12) and (`dev_yourmart_co_bw`.`cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount`.`product_id` in (15098,13182,16680,16559,14050,14053,14056,14058,14060,14061,16728,16560,888,16556,16558,16557,14664,16611,16613,16612,16614,16553,16439,17204,14477,17138,16615,16622,16616,16554)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "18.01",
        "eval_cost": "3.00",
        "prefix_cost": "21.01",
        "data_read_per_join": "480"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "destination_id",
        "storefront_id",
        "product_id",
        "amount"
      ]
    }
  }
}